Operators in Python Tutorial: A Complete Beginner’s Guide

Introduction

Operators in Python are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values. They are the foundation of programming logic, allowing developers to manipulate data and build efficient programs.

In this tutorial, we will cover the different types of operators in Python with examples to help you understand how they work.

Types of Operators in Python

Python provides several categories of operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators

3. Logical Operators

4. Assignment Operators

5. Bitwise Operators

6. Identity Operators

7. Membership Operators

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used for mathematical calculations.

2. Relational (Comparison) Operators

These compare values and return a Boolean (True/False).

a = 10
b = 5
print(a > b)   # True
print(a == b)  # False
print(a != b)  # True

3. Logical Operators

Logical operators combine conditional statements.

4. Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables.

x = 10
x += 5   # x = x + 5 → 15
x *= 2   # x = x * 2 → 30

5. Bitwise Operators

Operate on binary numbers (bit-level operations).

6. Identity Operators

Used to check if two variables point to the same object.

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a
c = [1, 2, 3]

print(a is b)   # True (same object)
print(a is c)   # False (different objects, same values)

7. Membership Operators

Used to check if a value exists in a sequence.

x = "Python"
print("P" in x)        # True
print("Java" not in x) # True

Conclusion

Operators in Python are essential for performing calculations, making decisions, and building logic in programs. Understanding how arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, identity, and membership operators work will help you write efficient Python code.

✅ Keep practicing these operators in real-world examples to strengthen your programming logic.

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