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css tutorial for beginners Cascading Style Sheets

Sat Nov 13 2021 11:28:01 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time)
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Example of inline CSS styling applied to a paragraph. #css tutorial for beginners #Cascading Style Sheets #css Interview Question , #different type of Selector in CSS

CSS Tutorial for Beginners: Cascading Style Sheets

Introduction to CSS

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a fundamental technology used in web development to control the presentation of HTML elements. It enables web developers to design visually appealing websites with consistent styling. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, mastering CSS is crucial for creating responsive and modern websites.

What is CSS?

CSS is a stylesheet language that describes how HTML elements should be displayed on a webpage. It allows you to change colors, fonts, layouts, and animations, making your website more user-friendly and attractive.

Why Use CSS?

  • Separation of Content and Design: Keeps HTML clean and improves maintainability.
  • Better User Experience: Enhances aesthetics and readability.
  • Responsive Design: Helps create mobile-friendly websites.
  • Faster Page Load: Reduces unnecessary HTML code and improves performance.

How to Add CSS to HTML

There are three main ways to apply CSS to an HTML document:

1. Inline CSS

Adding styles directly to an HTML element using the style attribute.

<p style="color: blue; font-size: 16px;">This is an inline-styled paragraph.</p>

2. Internal CSS

Defined within a <style> block inside the <head> section of an HTML file.

<head>
    <style>
        p {
            color: red;
            font-size: 18px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

3. External CSS

A separate .css file is linked to the HTML file using the <link> tag.

<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>

styles.css:

p {
    color: green;
    font-size: 20px;
}

CSS Syntax

CSS consists of selectors and declaration blocks.

selector {
    property: value;
}

Example:

h1 {
    color: blue;
    font-size: 24px;
}

Common CSS Selectors

  • Element Selector: Targets specific HTML elements (e.g., p {})
  • Class Selector: Targets elements with a specific class (e.g., .classname {})
  • ID Selector: Targets elements with a specific ID (e.g., #idname {})
  • Group Selector: Applies styles to multiple elements (e.g., h1, h2, h3 {})

CSS Box Model

The box model defines how elements are structured in a webpage:

  1. Content – The text or image inside an element.
  2. Padding – Space between content and the border.
  3. Border – Surrounds the padding and content.
  4. Margin – Space outside the border.

Example:

div {
    width: 200px;
    padding: 20px;
    border: 5px solid black;
    margin: 10px;
}

CSS Flexbox and Grid

These layout models help create responsive designs:

  • Flexbox: Aligns items efficiently within a container.
div {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}
  • Grid: Creates a two-dimensional layout.
div {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto auto;
}

Responsive Web Design with CSS

Making websites mobile-friendly is essential. Use media queries to adjust styles based on screen size.

@media (max-width: 600px) {
    body {
        background-color: lightblue;
    }
}

Conclusion

CSS is an essential tool for web design, enabling developers to create stunning, responsive websites. By learning CSS fundamentals, you can enhance user experience and build visually appealing web pages. Keep practicing and experimenting to master CSS!

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